Review on CO2 reduction photocatalysts with a sustainability perspective
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, cilt.14, sa.43, ss.28745-28768, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 14 Sayı: 43
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1039/d6ta01785a
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, MEDLINE
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.28745-28768
- Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The most frequently used semiconductors and co-catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCCO2R) are reviewed herein with sustainability perspectives. Unlike a regular review article, the most commonly used semiconductors and co-catalyst alternatives are evaluated in terms of their material availability and supply risk, sustainability of production routes, CO2 reduction performance, operational stability, and end-of-life degradation patterns as the sustainability criteria. It was found that g-C3N4 is the most sustainable semiconductor, followed by TiO2, among the most frequently used alternatives, while Cu2O/CuO, ZnO, GO/r-GO, and ZnS can be considered as moderately sustainable. BiVO4 cannot be treated as a sustainable semiconductor due to the supply risks associated with both Bi and V, while CsPbBr3 and CdS should be avoided due to the high toxicity of Pb and Cd, respectively. Among the semiconductor alternatives, Cu, Fe, and Ni seem to be sustainable choices, while the precious metal co-catalysts may not be sustainable due to the low availability and supply risks, price fluctuations, and environmental impacts they may impose during the mining and refining stages. Cobalt should also be avoided due to its high toxicity and the environmental impacts caused throughout its life cycle.